![]() Reference Oliver, Oconnor and WatsonOliver and others, 1978 Reference Klepsvik and FossumKlepsvik and Fossum. ( Reference PowellPowell, 1981, Reference Powell, Dowdeswell and Scourse1990), but detailed direct observations in modern glacier-influenced waters are relatively few (e.g. Several models of the ice ocean interface and its oceanographic and sedimentary regime have been proposed e.g. Associated with this transfer of mass are a number of glaciological, oceanographic and sedimentary processes, together with the suite of sedimentary forms and fades that result.ĭirect observations of the ice ocean interface, and of the ice-proximal marine and sedimentary environment, are important in the specification of the morphology and dynamics of the system. The interface is an important location lor the loss of mass from the glacier system in the form of icebergs, meltwater and sediments. In others, it includes vertical clifis together with the base of floating ice shelves and fast-flowing outlet glacier tongues. ![]() In some cases, therefore, the ice-ocean interface is simply the terminal ice cliffs of tide-water glaciers. The interlace between glaciers and ice sheets and the marine environment includes grounded tide-water glaciers together with floating ice shelves and glacier tongues which are dynamically a part of the parent ice mass. They can be fitted with a variety of oceanographic sensors, imaging sensors, tracking devices and water and sediment samplers, making them versatile research instruments that can supply qualitative and quantitative data for process studies in logistically difficult environments. diving under floating glacier tongues and ice shelves where no other access is possible. They can provide data on glacier grounding-line and sea-floor morphology and water-column characteristics (e.g. ROVs can be operated from relatively safe distances (hundreds of metres) they can also descend to considerably greater depths (hundreds rather than tens of metres) than scuba diving permits. At tide-water ice cliffs, iceberg calving makes close approaches for extended time periods In manned vessels dangerous. Submersible remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are valuable research tools for data collection in dangerous or inaccessible environments associated with glaciers terminating in the sea.
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